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O 引 言
隨著現(xiàn)代通信業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展，要求信號的頻率測量范圍也越來越寬，部分領(lǐng)域已達(dá)到110GHz。利用超外差法通過變頻形式把信號變頻到較低的中頻上，以相對較低的成本實(shí)現(xiàn)llOGHz的頻率測量范圍，使得超外差式掃頻接收機(jī)得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。在超外差式掃頻接收機(jī)中，掃描控制器的作用是控制協(xié)調(diào)各硬件單元，使得接收機(jī)內(nèi)各部分同步于快速變化的掃描本振。掃描控制器的控制精度越高、控制速度越快，接收機(jī)的掃頻準(zhǔn)確度也就越高。目前，市場上有相當(dāng)多的超外差式掃頻接收機(jī)采用模擬的掃描控制方式，利用掃描斜波電壓同步各掃描硬件單元，這種控制方式精度差，并且要求主控CPU實(shí)時(shí)干預(yù)掃描過程，使得接收機(jī)的掃描速度很慢。針對這些問題，本文提供了一種數(shù)字掃描控制器設(shè)計(jì)新方法。采用該方法，我單位在2005年成功開發(fā)了一種新型微波毫米波接收機(jī)，其掃描控制精度、掃描速度等指標(biāo)較以前的接收機(jī)產(chǎn)品有了很大的提高。

1 掃描控制變量
超外差式掃頻接收機(jī)在掃描過程中一般需要控制的變量有：YIG振蕩器頻率(或VCO頻率)、YIG濾波器中心頻率(或帶通濾波器頻率)、與測試頻率相關(guān)的功率補(bǔ)償數(shù)據(jù)(如平坦度補(bǔ)償數(shù)據(jù))等。
理想的YIG器件調(diào)諧曲線是一條直線(調(diào)諧曲線是根據(jù)諧振頻率變化與線包電流變化繪制的曲線)，但是，由于受磁性材料磁特性的影響，實(shí)際的調(diào)諧曲線是非線性的。與此類似，由于接收機(jī)內(nèi)各部件(如混頻器、濾波器等)幅度一頻率響應(yīng)曲線是非線性的，造成整機(jī)幅頻曲線也是非線性的。
在工程上，通常采用多段直線逼近的方法對上述曲線進(jìn)行線性化處理，就是將各控制量曲線進(jìn)行分段，在段內(nèi)認(rèn)為控制量曲線是一條直線。只要各線段分段點(diǎn)位置選取合適，可以保證整機(jī)指標(biāo)滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求。
通過計(jì)算各段控制量的起始值、步進(jìn)值與步進(jìn)個(gè)數(shù)(終止值減去起始值再除以步進(jìn)量)就可以表征本段的控制量曲線。超外差式掃頻接收機(jī)包含多種控制變量，因此對每種控制變量都需要計(jì)算其控制量的起始值、步進(jìn)值與步進(jìn)個(gè)數(shù)。又由于各控制量曲線不盡相同，所用逼近曲線的直線段數(shù)目也就不盡相同。劃分的線段越多，逼近效果越好，控制精度也就越高。因此，在進(jìn)行掃描控制之前，計(jì)算機(jī)主控的程序應(yīng)該首先確定各控制量的分段數(shù)目和各段內(nèi)的起始值、步進(jìn)值、步進(jìn)個(gè)數(shù)，這也就是送給掃描控制器的輸入?yún)?shù)。另外，為了提高控制速度，避免在掃描過程中CPU干預(yù)掃描進(jìn)程，在各控制量換段時(shí)要求設(shè)計(jì)的掃描控制器能夠根據(jù)控制進(jìn)度主動地讀取下一段的換段信息。下面，我們詳細(xì)介紹一下數(shù)字掃描控制器內(nèi)各單元的組成及實(shí)現(xiàn)。

2 組成框圖及控制時(shí)序
如圖1所示，掃描控制器包括：地址譯碼／數(shù)據(jù)緩存單元、RAM存儲單元、運(yùn)算單元、觸發(fā)單元、中斷處理單元、步進(jìn)脈沖發(fā)生單元和D／A輸出單元。

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Lovejoy AL150 Rubber Insert Spider Coupling 

Elite 05BSS-1 HQ Roller Chain 10' 

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Lambda LOT-X-5152-A Triple Output Power Supply 15V 

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Generic FC-02 Feeder Clearance Measuring Tool Gauge Set *INCOMPLETE SET*

Idex HG1X-222 Two-Line Operator Interface 24V 

Crouse Hinds APJ3575 Arktite Receptacle 5W 5P 30A 

SMC ISG210-031 General Purpose Pressure Switch 

Allen Bradley 100-C16D300 Contactor 110V50/120V60HZ 

Omron CQM1-IPS01 Power Supply Module 20mA -10/+10V 

Bussman JHC-500 Class J Fuse 500amp 

Omron G9SB-3012-A Safety Relay 24VDC 

KEP CTF5AO Present Counter/Timer CTF5 

IFM IF0302 IFA2004-ABOW Inductive Proximity Switch 

Eaton E57SAL12A2E Inductive Proximity Switch 250V AC/DC 

Allen Bradley 440R-N23120 MSR126.1R Safety Relay 24V 2NO 

Allen Bradley 871TM-N40NP30-D?4 Inductive Proximity Switch 30VDC 200mA 

SMC NCDA1B250-1700 Interchangeable Air Cylinder 2-1/2" Bore 

Banner 17267 Fiber Optic Cable 

Banner 20397 Fiber Optic Cable 

ALLEN-BRADLEY 1771-A3B1 12 Slot I/O Chassis 

Furnas 16BE25AF Contactor 240-600VAC 

Sick Optic WL12-2B560 Photoelectric Reflex Sensor Polarized Class 2 

Numatics 153SS615K Solenoid Valve 120VAC 50/60HZ 

Allen Bradley 140M-C2E-A40 Motor Protection Circuit Breaker 0.25-0.4A 

THK SHS35LV1SS Linear Block Bearing 

Cutler Hammer HMCP050G2C 3 Pole Circuit Breaker 50A 600VAC 250VDC CU/AL 

Acromag 1893-CG-DC Series 1800 7-Slot Cage 15VDC 

Numatics 082SS615K000030 Solenoid Valve 15A 120V 150PSI 

Banner LEDRR62X62M Ring Light LED Mount 

Brad Harrison 35601 Receptacle Female Mating 600V 

Red Lion Controls Counter Single Preset LED LIBC1E00

EAGLE SIGNAL HP517A607 Timer Cycle-Flex 0-5 Sec. 

Parker 73218BN4UTS0 2 way Steam Pressure Vessel 

Allen Bradley 42MRR-5000 Photoswitch Green Line 

Baumer FPDM-16P5101/S1?4 Retroflective Photoelectric Sensor 7.3M 10-30VDC 

Acme T253108S Distribution Transformer 1Ph 600V 120/240V 0.5kVA 60Hz 

Power One F15-15-A Single Output Power Supply 15A 12V 

Cutler Hammer 9-130-4 Two Connection Metal Coil 

Vishay ST180S12P0 SCR Phase Control Thyristor 

Mitutoyo 2048F-11 Dial Indicator 0.01-10mm 

THK HSR35B1SS Linear Block Bearing 

Multicomp GP1L Panel Mount Feeder Control 

Allen Bradley 440R-W23221 MSR330P Modular Safety Relay 24VDC 

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Rexroth 4WE6J61/EW110N9?D26L Solenoid Valve 

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Litfuse NLS-350 Fuse Class K5 One-Time Fuse 

Boston 5F1 Square Flanged Bearing with Locking Collar 1" Bore 

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Hubbell HBL416C6W Watertight Connector 16A 380-415V 

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Dong-A HMUF10 Contactor 13 Amp 110V Coil 

Ishida P-5455 PC Board S2-3 

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Gates 14M-1568-20 Synchronous Timing Belt 14mm Pitch 1568mm Length 

emecanique GV2ME20 Motor Protector 13-18 Amp 

Nordson 185648A03 Advanced Bubble Detector 

Omron Flat Proximity Switch 2m TL-T5MY1 

Gast Mfg K279 Gear Motor Gasket Repair Kit 

FPE NA-3P60 Circuit Breaker 60A 3P 240V 

Festo CPV-10-VI2095 Pneumatic Valve 8/10 Bar 

D-M-E CO. MPTC10 Mold Power Thermocouple Cable 10ft

Hengstler 0522804 Encoder 5VDC 100mA 

Parker P3NRA98BNN Pneumatic Regulator 1 Inch 

Aero-Motive 22FLRC Balancer 16-22Lbs 8ft Cable w/ Ratchet Lock 

Federal Pioneer RCD5636 Non-Fused Disconnect Switch 60A 3Ph 3W 600V 

Fuji Electric BU-ESB3100 Circuit Breaker 100A 600V 3-Pole 

Stauff SPT-3000-N04-42?0-MD Pressure Transmitter 0-3000psi 10-30VDC 

Turck BI15-CK40-ADZ40?X2-B1131/S34 Sensor 140VAC 

co LT110TB58J Photoelectric Light Transmitter 

KB Electronics APRM-3 Module Circuit Board 

Asea Brown Boveri SNAT7640 Drive Board Assembly 

MAC 811C-PM-111CC-1?52 Solenoid Valve 120V 

Allen Bradley 47SN1-4000 Mini LED Photoelectric Receiver 

Allen Bradley 800S-2SA7 Start/Stop Push Button Station AS IS

Emerson IC-107 Power Line Filter Module 7.5 Amp 120V 

Siemens FHOEC036 Operating Cable 36 Inch 

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Square D FAL24040 Circuit Breaker, Molded Case 2 Pole 600V 40A 

Arrow Hart 20403N Power Lock Receptacle 30A 600V 

Johnson Controls CSA42A-601R Pilot Control 7 Amp 

Allen Bradley 100-A75NH3 Contactor 75A 3P 208V 

EKR DG90-60 004637 Electric Motor 100W 1350RPM 230/400V 

Humphrey HTBDA-16x3 Cylinder 

Omron E3S-CT11 Photoelectric Sensor 

Allen Bradley 1492-CABLE010H Cable For Digital I/O Module 

Ryco Graphic Mfg. 150A-107/150-15?08-3 Digital Pulse Dampening Board 

emecanique LC2-D1801G6 Reversing Contactor 18A 120V 3P 3NC 

Festo JMFH-5/2-D-2-C Solenoid Valve Manual 

Miller 928LS SofStop Shock Absorber w/ D-Ring 18" 

Westinghouse Motor Circuit Protector HMCP 

Delavan IETM-F Sub System MR-841 Microwave Receiving Sensor 

Allen Bradley 800EM-JM2 Joystick Operator Switch 22.5mm 

Pilz PNOZ-X2-24VAC/D?C Safety Relay 2NO 24V AC/DC 

PAS HT502-A-22 (1298/1098) Helix Heater For Probe Assembly Parts 

Allen Bradley 800T-3PY Push Button Station 600V 

Siemens 3TY7 460-0A Contact Kit for use with 3TF46 

Advance 71A60A1-001D Core Coil Ballast Kit 

Asco 8320-A170 Solenoid Valve 110v/50Hz 120V/60Hz 

HARRISON 302000A01F060 6' 12P Straight Cable 

Eagle Signal/Capp 14264 Cycl-Flex Reset Timer 0-60 Min 10/5A 120VAC 60Hz 

Tech Tran RCI-F PLC Control Board